CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

 classification of matter

 

Materials / substances are generally divided into two parts, namely the single substance and 
mixture.Single agent may be an element or a compound. While the mixture can be either 
a homogeneous mixture or a mixture of heterogeneous.

 1. Elements are: A group of atoms that have the same number of protons in its nucleus. 
This number is known as the atomic number of the element. The element is also defined 
as a single substance that can not be divided again into smaller parts.

 
I just want to emphasize "the element designations are only for atoms that have the same 
character (has the same number of protons)". For example, all atoms with 6 protons in their 
nuclei are atoms of the chemical element carbon, and all atoms with 92 protons in their 
nuclei are atoms of the element uranium.
You could say the element is the atom itself, for example: if there is H2O, then we can 
say: it consists of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen, when hydrogen and 
oxygen are both elements.

 

2. Compound: The compound is a single substance consisting of several elements 
intertwined. The compound formed from at least 2 different elements. Although 
formed from different elements, but the compound still called single substance, 
because the properties of elements that shape can not be found on the compound. 
In other words. The compound has been transformed into a new substance.

Example:

The reaction between hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O2), obtained a new substance 
called water, namely:

H + O2 ---> H2O

 

In these reactions, produced new substances that are different from their constituent 
elements. Hydrogen is a very light gas and flammable, whereas oxygen is gas contained 
in the air which is indispensable body for combustion. It seems clear that the properties 
of water vary with the nature of hydrogen and oxygen.
Characteristic of compound is that it has a mass ratio of constituents remain, water is 
composed of oxygen and hydrogen with oxygen elemental mass ratio of hydrogen appeal 
is always 8: 1.
 

·         Differences compounds and molecules

                
The case of joint compound molecules are formed from different atoms. For example, the 
compound NaCl is a combination of molecules of NaCl.

Molecule formed when two or more atoms of chemical elements joined together. If the 
types of atoms are different from each other, then that is formed is a molecular 
compound (known compound). Not all molecules of a compound, as some molecules, 
such as hydrogen gas (H2) or oxygen (O2), consists of only one element or kind of atom. 
Molecules are composed of two or more similar atoms called molecules of elements.

 

3. Mixed: Substances that are composed of several substances that other types and variable
 arrangement of elements and compounds. The mixture is a material consisting of two or a 
single substance. The material which we encounter daily almost everything mix. In fact we 
often make a mixture of substances, such as when we make coffee or sweet tea.

The mixture can be divided into three types, namely:

• homogeneous mixture = Solution

• Mixed Heterogeneous = suspension, and

• Mix the situation between suspensions and solutions = Colloidal

 

The mixture is divided into two, namely:

1. Heterogeneous

Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that can easily be distinguished. For example, 
a mixture of water and sand.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Seen from the picture above, that the mixture of water and sand can still be distinguished 
between where the water and where the sand.

 

 Heterogeneous mixture can be separated by physical means such as filtration using filter 
paper.

 

2. Homogeneous

Homogenous mixture is a substance that has two or more substances and spread evenly, 
so it is not easy to distinguish the substance thereof. For example, a mixture of water 
and syrup

 

 

 

 

 

Figure mixture of water and syrup

                The solution is: a mixture of two or more substances comprising the solute and 
solvent, Condensation particle size is very small, less than 1 nm, so it can not be seen by using a microscope ultra though. and indistinguishable between solute and solvent medium. Substances in the solution can not be separated by filtration.

               Examples of the sugar solution, we can not distinguish where the sugar water 
in a sugar solution. Some examples are saline solution, a solution of acid-base and others.

 

Differences Elements and Compounds

• The element is composed of a single type of atom, whereas compounds composed of two
 or more types of chemical elements.

• The element can not be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical reaction, 
whereas the compounds can be decomposed into constituent elements by ordinary 
chemical reaction.

• The element is distinguished by a number atommya while the compound is 
distinguished by a fixed ratio and the different elements (arranged in the 
manner specified)

• The element indicated by symbols such as (H, C, O, Na, etc.) as shown by formulas 
such as (H20, NaCl, CO2, etc.)

• In the compound mass ratio of constituent elements always remain.

• The compound has a different nature to the nature of its constituent elements.

• There is a strong covalent bonds between atoms complex, but in substance, 
there can be a metal bond, or the style of a weak non-covalent

 

Differences compounds and mixtures

Compound :

1. Formed by chemical reaction

2. Comparing the components that make up the compound are always certain and fixed

3. The components of the compound to lose its original

4. There can be separated into its components by means of physical, but must go 
through a chemical reaction

Mixed:

1. Formed without chemical reaction

2. Comparison of components that make up a particular do not mix and can carelessly

3. The components of the mixture retains the properties of their respective

4. Can be separated into its components by means of physical